I-Pasteurization iwuhlelo olubalulekile embonini yokudla neziphuzo, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni efana nobisi, amajusi, nezimpahla ezisemathinini. Kuyasiza ukususa amagciwane ayingozi futhi kunwebe isikhathi seshalofu lomkhiqizo, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuphephile ukusetshenziswa. Ulayini we-pasteurization osebenzayo ubalulekile ekuzuzeni imiphumela oyifunayo kanye nokugcina ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izingxenye ezibalulekile zomugqa we-pasteurization osebenzayo kanye nezindima zazo ezibalulekile enqubweni.

Izishintshi Zokushisa

Izishintshisi zokushisa zidlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni ye-pasteurization ngokufudumeza ngokushesha nokupholisa umkhiqizo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokushintshisana kokushisa ezivame ukusetshenziswa emigqeni ye-pasteurization, okuhlanganisa izishintshi zokushisa zamapuleti, izishintshi zokushisa ezishubhu, nezishintshisi zokushisa ezikhuhliwe. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezinzuzo zalo eziyingqayizivele futhi lufanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.

Izishintshisi zokushisa ze-plate ziyinketho edumile yemigqa ye-pasteurization ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kanye nomklamo ohlangene. Aqukethe amapuleti amaningi astakiwe anezikhala ezincane phakathi kwawo, okuvumela umkhiqizo ukuthi ugeleze kusethi eyodwa yezikhala kuyilapho amanzi ashisayo noma abandayo egeleza kwelinye isethi. Lokhu kudala indawo enkulu yokushintshana kokushisa, okuholela ekushiseni okusheshayo nokufana okufanayo noma ukupholisa komkhiqizo.

Izishintshisi zokushisa ezishubhu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zihlanganisa uchungechunge lwamashubhu lapho umkhiqizo nokufudumeza noma ukupholisa kwemidiya kugeleza. Indawo enkulu yamashubhu ivumela ukudluliswa kokushisa okuphumelelayo, okubenza bafaneleke emikhiqizweni ye-viscosity ephezulu noma leyo equkethe izinhlayiya. Izishintshi zokushisa ezigxotshiwe zilungele imikhiqizo enamandla okungcolisa okuphezulu, njengoba isenzo sokukhuhla sisiza ukuvimbela ukwakheka endaweni yokudlulisa ukushisa.

Ngokungeziwe ekukhetheni uhlobo olufanele lwesishintshi sokushisa, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezifana namazinga okugeleza, izimfuneko zokushisa, nemikhawulo yokucindezela lapho uklama ulayini we-pasteurization. Ukulinganisa okufanelekile nokukhethwa kwezishintshi zokushisa kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elifiswayo le-pasteurization kuyilapho kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokugcina ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Amasistimu okulawula izinga lokushisa

Ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile kubalulekile ukuze kudliwe ukudla okusebenzayo nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo. Amasistimu okulawula izinga lokushisa asetshenziselwa ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo njengoba udlula emugqeni we-pasteurization, uqinisekisa ukuthi ufinyelela izinga lokushisa elidingekayo futhi ugcinwe kulelo zinga lokushisa isikhathi esishiwo. Kunezingxenye eziningana ezihilelekile ezinhlelweni zokulawula izinga lokushisa, ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokukhishwa kwe-pasteurization.

Ingxenye yokuqala yizinzwa zokushisa, ezisetshenziselwa ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene eduze komugqa we-pasteurization. Ama-Thermocouples noma ama-resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa le njongo, ehlinzeka ngezilinganiso zokushisa ezinembile nezithembekile. Lezi zinzwa zixhunywe kusistimu yokulawula elungisa izinga lokugeleza nezinga lokushisa lemidiya yokushisisa noma yokupholisa ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elifunekayo kuzishintshisi zokushisa.

Isistimu yokulawula ngokuvamile iqukethe isilawuli se-programmable logic (PLC) noma isistimu yokulawula esakazwayo (DCS) ethola okokufaka kusuka kuzinzwa zokushisa futhi ivule amavalvu okulawula noma ilungise ukuhamba kwemidiya yokushisisa noma yokupholisa njengoba kudingeka. Lokhu kuvumela ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ugaywa amagciwane ngendlela efanele kuyilapho kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokugcina ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zokulawula izinga lokushisa, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinqubo zokuzenzakalela kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungaguquki nokuthembekile komugqa we-pasteurization. Lawa masistimu angahlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela kumapharamitha wenqubo ebalulekile, okuvumela ukulungiswa okusebenzayo nokuxazulula izinkinga ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokuphumula nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Amasistimu okulawula ukucindezela

Amasistimu okulawula ukucindezela adlala indima ebalulekile emigqeni ye-pasteurization, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni ezwelayo ezinguqukweni zengcindezi noma leyo edinga izimo zengcindezi ethile ukuze i-pasteurization ngempumelelo. Ukugcina ingcindezi efanele kuyo yonke inqubo yokudliwa kwe-pasteurization kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi, kanye nokuvimbela ukulimala kwezinto zokusebenza nokupakishwa.

Inhliziyo yesistimu yokulawula ukucindezela ivalvu yokulawula, elawula ukugeleza komkhiqizo kanye nemidiya yokushisisa noma yokupholisa ukuze kugcinwe ukucindezela okufunayo kuzishintshisi zokushisa. Ama-valve okulawula angenziwa ngesandla noma azenzekele, kuye ngezidingo ezithile zomugqa we-pasteurization. Ama-valve okulawula okuzenzakalelayo avame ukuhlanganiswa nesistimu yokulawula izinga lokushisa ukuze anikeze ukulawula okuhlelekile kokubili izinga lokushisa nokucindezela, ukuqinisekisa izimo ezilungile zokungena emanzini.

Ngaphezu kwama-valve okulawula, izinzwa zokucindezela zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha ingcindezi yomkhiqizo kanye nemidiya yokushisa noma yokupholisa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene eduze komugqa we-pasteurization. Lezi zinzwa zinikeza impendulo ohlelweni lokulawula, okuvumela ukulungiswa okunembile kwama-valve okulawula ukugcina izimo zokucindezela ezifunayo. Ama-valve okunciphisa ukucindezela nawo ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zezinhlelo zokulawula ingcindezi, ezihlinzeka ngendlela yokuphepha yokuvikela imishini nabasebenzi uma kwenzeka isimo sokucindezeleka ngokweqile.

Lapho uklama isistimu yokulawula ingcindezi yolayini we-pasteurization, kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo ezithile zomkhiqizo kanye nenqubo, kanye nanoma yiziphi izindinganiso zokulawula ezingase zisebenze. Ukukhetha okufanele kanye nosayizi wamavalvu okulawula, izinzwa zokucindezela, namavalvu okusiza kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungaguquguquki nokwethembekile kolayini wokugaya ukudla kuyilapho kugcinwa ukuphepha nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Amasistimu wokuzenzakalela nokulawula

Amasistimu e-automation kanye nokulawula adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kwemigqa yokudlwengulwa kwamagciwane, kuyilapho ehlinzeka ngamathuba okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Lawa masistimu anomthwalo wemfanelo wokuxhumanisa ukusebenza kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene, njengezishintshisi zokushisa, amasistimu okulawula izinga lokushisa nokucindezela, nokugeleza komkhiqizo, ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elifiswayo le-pasteurization nokugcina ubuqotho bomkhiqizo.

Enhliziyweni yemigqa eminingi yesimanje yokuhlunguphazwa yi-programmable logic controller (PLC) noma isistimu yokulawula esabalalisiwe (DCS) esebenza njengeyunithi yokulawula emaphakathi yayo yonke inqubo. Lawa masistimu ahlelelwe ukuqapha imingcele yenqubo ebalulekile, efana nezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, namazinga okugeleza, futhi enze amathuluzi okulawula asebenze, njengama-valve, amaphampu, namamotho, njengoba kudingeka ukuze kugcinwe izimo ezidingekayo. Ngokuhlinzeka ngokulawula okuphakathi nendawo kanye ne-automation, lezi zinhlelo zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquguquki nokuthembekile kolayini we-pasteurization kuyilapho kunciphisa isidingo sokungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla.

Ngokungeziwe ekulawuleni inqubo eyisisekelo, amasistimu wokuzenzakalela nokulawula anganikeza amathuba okuthuthukisa inqubo nokuqapha okuthuthukile. Isibonelo, ama-algorithms okulawula athuthukisiwe angasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nokunciphisa ukumosheka komkhiqizo, kuyilapho ukutholwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela nokuhlaziya kunganikeza imininingwane ekusebenzeni kwenqubo futhi kukhombe amathuba okuthuthukisa okwengeziwe.

Lapho udizayina amasistimu wokuzenzakalela kanye nokulawula imigqa ye-pasteurization, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezifana nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwenqubo, izidingo zokulawula, kanye nokwanda kwesikhathi esizayo. Ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlelo zokulawula isitshalo esibanzi, njengokulawula kokuqondisa kanye nezinhlelo zokutholwa kwedatha (SCADA), zinganikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe ngokuvumela ukuqapha okumaphakathi nokulawulwa kwezinqubo eziningi. Ukukhetha okufanele, ukuhlela, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo nokulawula kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphumelelayo nokuthembekile kwemigqa ye-pasteurization ngenkathi kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Ukuhlanza kanye neNhlanzeko Systems

Ukuhlanza kanye nokukhucululwa kwendle kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni izimo zokuhlanzeka zemigqa yokugaya ukudla kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Izinhlelo ezifanele zokuhlanza nokukhucululwa kwendle zibalulekile ekususeni izinsalela, ama-biofilms, nama-microorganisms angangcolisa umkhiqizo futhi abeke engcupheni ukuphepha kwawo nempilo yeshelufu. Kunezingxenye ezimbalwa ezihilelekile ekuhlanzeni nasekuhlanzeni amasistimu, ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuhlanzeka kanye nobuqotho bolayini wokuhlanza.

Ingxenye yokuqala uhlelo lokuhlanza-in-place (CIP), olusetshenziselwa ukuhlanza ngokuzenzakalela kanye nokuhlanza izindawo zangaphakathi zolayini wokuxubha, okuhlanganisa izishintshisi zokushisa, amapayipi, namathangi, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqaqa. Amasistimu e-CIP ngokuvamile ahlanganisa uchungechunge lwezimbobo zokufutha, amaphampu, nezinhlelo zokudosa amakhemikhali ezihlelelwe ukuthi zijikeleze izisombululo zokuhlanza nokuhlanza impahla ngendlela elawulwayo. Ngokuhlinzeka ngokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokukhucululwa kwendle, amasistimu e-CIP asiza ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula kanye nezidingo zabasebenzi kuyilapho eqinisekisa ukuhlanzwa okuphelele nokungaguquguquki.

Ngaphezu kwezinhlelo ze-CIP, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-clean-in-place (SIP) ukuze kubulawe amagciwane indawo yangaphakathi yolayini wokubulala amagciwane. Amasistimu e-SIP asebenzisa isitimu esinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze afeze ukuvala inzalo, ahlinzeke ngezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuqeda ama-microorganisms amelana nokushisa nezinhlamvu ezingase zibe khona kumishini. Idizayini efanele nokusebenza kwamasistimu e-SIP kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvala inzalo okusebenzayo kolayini wokugaya ukudla kuyilapho kugcinwa ubuqotho bemishini kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukukhethwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti afanelekile okuhlanza kanye ne-sanitizing ngezidingo ezithile zomkhiqizo kanye nenqubo. Izisetshenziswa zamakhemikhali, njengezihlanzi ze-caustic nezixazululi zokuhlanza, zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-CIP ne-SIP ukususa izinsalela ze-organic kanye ne-inorganic kanye nokuqeda ama-microorganisms. Ukukhetha okufanele kanye nomthamo walezi ejenti kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elifiswayo lokuhlanza nokukhucululwa kwendle kuyilapho kunciphisa umthelela wendawo kanye nokugcina ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Ngamafuphi, ulayini osebenzayo wokukhipha i-pasteurization udinga ukukhethwa ngokucophelela nokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile, njengezishintshisi zokushisa, amasistimu okulawula izinga lokushisa nokucindezela, amasistimu wokuzenzakalela nokulawula, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanza nezokuhlanza. Ngayinye yalezi zingxenye idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngempumelelo nokwethenjelwa kolayini we-pasteurization kuyilapho kugcinwa ukuphepha nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngokuqonda izindima ezibalulekile zalezi zingxenye kanye nokuncikana kwazo, abakhiqizi bokudla neziphuzo bangaklama futhi basebenzise imigqa yokugalela amanzi emzimbeni ehlangabezana namazinga aphezulu emboni kanye nezidingo zokulawula, kuyilapho befinyelela inqubo esebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.