Imishini yokuvala izikhwama iwucezu lwemishini ebalulekile yamabhizinisi asezimbonini zokudla, ezemithi nezinye. Le mishini isiza ukwenza lula inqubo yokupakisha, iqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo ivalwe ngokuphephile ezikhwameni ezingangeni moya. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yimuphi ucezu lomshini, imishini yokufaka uphawu yokugcwalisa isikhwama ingaba nezinkinga ezivamile ezingathinta ukusebenza kwayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi axazulule lezi zinkinga ngokushesha ukuze anciphise isikhathi sokuphumula futhi alondoloze ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ngemishini yokuvala isikhwama futhi sinikeze izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokubhekana nazo.

Inkinga 1: Ukuvala Okungalingani noma Okungaphelele

Ukufakwa uphawu okungalingani noma okungaphelele kuyinkinga edlangile engaba nomthelela kwikhwalithi nobuqotho bemikhiqizo epakishiwe. Le nkinga ingabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuvala ukushisa okungafanele, ukucindezela okunganele, noma izingxenye zokuvala ezigugile. Esinye sezinyathelo zokuqala ekuxazululeni le nkinga ukuhlola izakhi zokuvala, njengezinto zokushisisa, izinsimbi zokuvala, namarola okucindezela. Bheka izimpawu zokuguga, ukonakala, noma ukungahambi kahle, bese ushintsha noma ulungise kabusha lezi zingxenye njengoba kudingeka. Ukwengeza, hlola izinga lokushisa nezilungiselelo zokucindezela emshinini ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zingaphakathi kwebanga elinconyiwe lohlobo lwezinto zokupakisha ezisetshenziswayo. Lungisa lezi zilungiselelo njengoba kudingeka ukuze uthole izimpawu ezilinganayo futhi eziphelele.

Enye imbangela engaba khona yokuvaleka okungalingani noma okungaphelele ukungcoliswa ezindaweni zokuvala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imfucumfucu, izinsalela zokunamathisela, noma okunye ukungcola kungakha phezu kwezakhi zokuvala, kuvimbele ikhono labo lokudala uphawu olufanele. Ukuhlanza nokugcinwa njalo kwalezi zingxenye kungasiza ekuvimbeleni le nkinga. Sebenzisa izixazululo ezifanele zokuhlanza namathuluzi ukuze ususe noma yikuphi ukunqwabelana, futhi ucabange ukusebenzisa ishejuli yokulungisa ukuze ugcine izinto zokuvala zisesimweni esikahle.

Indaba yesi-2: Izikhwama Ezishwabene noma Ezingaqondani Kahle

Izikhwama ezishwabene noma ezingaqondani kahle zingaba inkinga ekhungathekisayo ethinta ukubukeka kanye nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo epakishiwe. Le nkinga ingenzeka ngenxa yokulungiswa okungalungile kwempahla yesikhwama, ukungezwani okungalingani esikhwameni, noma ukusekelwa okwanele ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa nokufaka uphawu. Ukuze ubhekane nalolu daba, qala ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi impahla yesikhwama iqondaniswe kahle futhi igxilile njengoba ingena endaweni yokugcwalisa nokuvala. Hlola imihlahlandlela yokuhlela kanye nezindlela zokuqinisa emshinini, futhi wenze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi impahla yesikhwama idla ngokulinganayo nangokulinganayo.

Kwezinye izimo, izikhwama ezishwabene noma ezingalungile zingabangelwa izinkinga ngenqubo yokugcwalisa, njengokugcwalisa ngokweqile noma ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani komkhiqizo ngaphakathi kwesikhwama. Buyekeza izilungiselelo nezindlela zokugcwalisa emshinini ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zilinganiselwe ukuze kukhishwe inani elifanele lomkhiqizo esikhwameni ngasinye. Ukwengeza, cabanga ukusebenzisa izici ezisekelayo, njengamagayidi noma ama-conveyor, ukuze uzinzise izikhwama ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa nokuvala futhi unciphise ubungozi bokushwabana noma ukungahambi kahle.

Inkinga 3: Umsindo Oweqile noma Ukudlidliza

Umsindo owedlulele noma ukudlidliza okuvela emshinini wokuvala isikhwama ogcwalisa isikhwama kungabonisa izinkinga zemishini ezidinga ukubhekwana nazo ngokushesha. Lezi zinkinga zingasukela emithonjeni eyahlukene, njengezingxenye ezigugile noma ezingaqondani kahle, izibophelelo ezixegayo, noma izingxenye ezihambayo ezingalingani. Lapho uxazulula le nkinga, qala ngokuhlola izingxenye ezihambayo zomshini, okuhlanganisa izindlela zokugcwalisa nokuvala, ama-conveyors, namasistimu okushayela. Bheka izimpawu zokuguga, ukonakala, noma ukungahambi kahle, bese ushintsha noma uhlele kabusha lezi zingxenye njengoba kudingeka ukuze unciphise umsindo nokudlidliza.

Izixhumi ezixegayo nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezikhwezwayo nazo zingaba nomthelela emsindweni omkhulu nokudlidliza. Hlola zonke izinto zokubopha, njengamabhawudi, amantongomane, nezikulufu, bese uqinisa noma ubeke esikhundleni sanoma yiziphi ezixegayo noma ezilimele. Ukwengeza, cabanga ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezidambisa ukudlidliza, njengezihlukanisi noma izikhwezi, ukuze unciphise ukudluliswa kokudlidliza ukusuka emshinini kuya endaweni yawo. Ukugcinwa okuvamile nokuhlolwa kwalezi zingxenye kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umsindo omkhulu nokudlidliza, ukulondoloza ukusebenza okuphelele kanye nokuphila komshini wokufaka uphawu wokugcwalisa isikhwama.

Inkinga 4: Ukufundwa Kwenzwa Okunephutha

Imishini eminingi yesimanje yokugcwalisa izikhwama zokufaka uphawu ifakwe izinzwa zokuqapha izici ezihlukahlukene zenqubo yokupakisha, njengokuba khona kwesikhwama, amazinga okugcwalisa, kanye nekhwalithi yokuvala. Kodwa-ke, ukufundwa kwezinzwa okunephutha kungaholela ezinkingeni zokusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo esengozini. Uma uxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nenzwa, qala ngokuhlola izinzwa kanye nezintambo zazo ezihlotshaniswayo ukuze uthole umonakalo, ukugqwala, noma ukungahambi kahle. Hlanza izingxenye zezinzwa nezixhumi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi azinayo imfucumfucu noma ukungcola okungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwazo.

Okulandelayo, buyekeza izilungiselelo zenzwa kanye nokulinganisa emshinini ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zilungiselelwe ngendlela efanele izinto zokupakisha ezithile kanye nemikhiqizo ecutshungulwayo. Yenza izinguquko emikhawulweni yezinzwa, ukuzwela, noma isikhathi njengoba kudingeka ukuze uthuthukise ukunemba nokuthembeka kokufundwa kwenzwa. Ukwengeza, cabanga ukusebenzisa izinzwa ezingasenamsebenzi noma eziyisipele ukuze unikeze izinyathelo zokwehluleka uma kwenzeka izinzwa eziyinhloko zehluleka noma zinikeze ukufundwa okunganembile.

Inkinga yesi-5: Ukunemba Kokugcwalisa Okungahambisani

Ukunemba kokugcwalisa okungaguquguquki kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imikhiqizo epakishiwe ihlangabezana nesisindo esinqunyiwe noma ukucaciswa kwevolumu. Kodwa-ke, imishini yokuvala isikhwama yokugcwalisa isikhwama ingaba nezinkinga ngokunemba kokugcwalisa okungahambisani ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokuguquguquka kokuminyana komkhiqizo, ukulinganiswa okungafanele, noma izingxenye zokugcwalisa ezigugile. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, qala ngokubuyekeza ukuminyana komkhiqizo nezici zokugeleza ukuze unqume ukuthi zingaphakathi kwebanga elilindelekile. Lungisa izindlela zokugcwalisa nezilungiselelo emshinini ukuze kuhambisane nokuhlukahluka kokuminyana nokugeleza komkhiqizo, uqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo ikhishwa ngokungaguquki nangokunembile.

Ukulinganiswa okungalungile kwezinzwa zokugcwalisa noma izilawuli nakho kungaba nomthelela ekunembeni kokugcwalisa okungahambisani. Qinisekisa izilungiselelo zokulinganisa kanye nezindlela emshinini ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zikala ngokunembile futhi zilawula ukugeleza komkhiqizo. Linganisa kabusha lezi zingxenye njengoba kudingeka ukuze uzuze ukunemba kokugcwalisa okufunayo. Ukwengeza, hlola izakhi zokugcwalisa, ezifana nama-augers, ama-nozzles, noma ama-hoppers, ukugqokwa, ukulimala, noma izithiyo, bese ubuyisela noma uhlanze lezi zingxenye ukuze uthuthukise ukunemba kukonke kokugcwalisa komshini.

Kafushane, imishini yokufaka uphawu yokugcwalisa izikhwama idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhleleni inqubo yokupakisha yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. Nokho, izinkinga ezivamile ezifana nokuvala uphawu okungalingani noma okungaphelele, izikhwama ezishwabene noma ezingaqondani kahle, umsindo owedlulele noma ukudlidliza, ukufundwa kwezinzwa okunephutha, nokunemba kokugcwalisa okungahambisani kungase kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwazo. Ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuxazulula izinkinga nezokulungisa, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngempumelelo, anciphise isikhathi sokuphumula, futhi aqinisekise ukusebenza okuthembekile kwemishini yawo yokuvala izikhwama. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile, ukuhlanzwa, nokulungiswa kuyisihluthulelo sokulondoloza ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwale mishini, ekugcineni kube nomthelela kwikhwalithi nokuvumelana kwemikhiqizo epakishiwe.